Translate the medical term myelomeningocele as literally as possible: “myelo” meaning “spinal cord,” “meningo” meaning “membranes,” and “cele” meaning “hernia.” This term refers to a birth defect involving the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its protective membranes, leading to a sac-like protrusion on the back.
Myelomeningocele is a complex condition with varying degrees of severity and potential complications. Understanding its literal meaning provides a foundation for comprehending its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies.
Define Myelomeningocele: Translate The Medical Term Myelomeningocele As Literally As Possible
Myelomeningocele is a severe birth defect involving the spinal cord and its protective layers, known as the meninges. It occurs when the neural tube, a structure that forms the brain and spinal cord during pregnancy, fails to close properly.
Describe the Pathophysiology of Myelomeningocele
During embryonic development, the neural tube forms from a flat sheet of cells that folds and fuses together to create a hollow tube. In myelomeningocele, this fusion process is disrupted, resulting in an opening in the spinal cord and meninges.
This opening allows spinal fluid and neural tissue to protrude through the back of the fetus, forming a sac-like structure.
Potential Causes and Risk Factors, Translate the medical term myelomeningocele as literally as possible
- Genetic factors
- Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain toxins or medications
- Folic acid deficiency
Elaborate on the Clinical Manifestations of Myelomeningocele
The severity of myelomeningocele can vary depending on the location and size of the opening in the spinal cord. Common physical signs include:
- A sac-like protrusion on the back, ranging from a small lump to a large mass
- Paralysis or weakness in the legs and feet
- Difficulty controlling bowel and bladder function
- Skin discoloration or hair patches over the affected area
Neurological deficits may include:
- Hydrocephalus (excessive fluid buildup in the brain)
- Intellectual disability
- Seizures
- Sensory impairments
Complications and long-term health implications can include:
- Infection
- Chiari malformation (a structural brain defect)
- Scoliosis (curvature of the spine)
- Kidney and urinary tract problems
Organize a Table Summarizing the Management of Myelomeningocele
| Stage | Management Strategies |
|---|---|
| Prenatal Diagnosis | – Ultrasound or MRI to detect the defect |
| Prenatal Intervention | – Surgery to close the opening in the spinal cord (fetal surgery) |
| Postnatal Treatment | – Surgical repair of the spinal cord and meninges |
| Long-Term Care | – Regular medical follow-up
|
Discuss the Prognosis and Outcomes of Myelomeningocele
The prognosis for myelomeningocele depends on the severity of the defect and the presence of associated complications. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes, but significant challenges may persist.
Long-term functional outcomes can include:
- Walking ability (ranging from independent walking to wheelchair dependence)
- Cognitive and intellectual development
- Sensory function
- Bowel and bladder control
Survival rates have improved significantly over the years, but individuals with myelomeningocele may face ongoing health issues and require specialized care throughout their lives.
FAQ Explained
What is the literal meaning of “myelomeningocele”?
Myelo: spinal cord, meningo: membranes, cele: hernia
What causes myelomeningocele?
Incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development
What are the potential complications of myelomeningocele?
Neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, learning disabilities
